PRODUCTION PROCESS AND ETHICAL PRACTICES OF CONTEMPORARY TATTOOING AMONG TATTOO ARTISTS IN KUMASI AND ACCRA METROPOLISES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18533/1nwhxz69Keywords:
Contemporary Tattooing, Ethical practices, Tattoo artists, Tattoo CultureAbstract
Contemporary tattooing in Ghana is gaining popularity as a form of self-expression. However, research on the contemporary tattoo culture focuses primarily on its health implications, to the neglect of tattoo production processes and ethical practices. This study, therefore, seeks to explore the production processes and ethical practices of contemporary tattoos in Kumasi and Accra metropolitan areas. Using the ethnographic method under a qualitative approach, purposive and snowball sampling, data were collected from six (6) tattoo artists and their shops through face-to-face interviews alongside field observations. The study revealed that contemporary tattooing in Ghana goes through various major stages, such as: Tattoo consultation, artistic idea, tattooing procedure, and after-care. The findings further revealed that though tattoo artists and shops do not typically have a well-structured list of ethical considerations, there are unwritten considerations that are observed. The study recommends licensure and regulation of tattoo art and artists.
References
1. Adjei, A. A., Armah, H. B., Gbagbo, F., Ampofo, W. K., Quaye, I. K. E., Hesse, I. F. A., & Mensah, G. (2006). Prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and syphilis among prison inmates and officers at Nsawam and Accra, Ghana. Journal of Medical Microbiology, 55(Pt 5), 593–597. https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.46414-0
2. Andrews, B. N. (2019). Tattooing in Africa. [Online] Available at: http://www.artcapitalghana.com/tattooing-in-africa/ [Accessed 21 12 2021].
3. Arthur, P. (2016). Tattoos fashion trend in Ghana. 21 January.
4. Belting, H. (2012). Contemporary art and the museum in the global age. Disputatio. Philosophical Research Bulletin, 1(2), pp.16-30.
5. Bhandari, P., (2020). What Is Qualitative Research? | Methods & Examples: published on June 19, 2020. [Online] Available at: https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/qualitative-research/
6. Cherney, K. (2019). Here’s Why Proper Tattoo Aftercare Doesn’t Usually Include Using Vaseline. Published on 12th February. [Online] Available at:
https://www.healthline.com/health/vaseline-for-tattoo
7. David, Micky, Nhat, B. Trihn N., (2023). Tattoo Trends Around the World: A Global Perspective. [Online] Available at: https://thehangouttattoo.com/tattoo-trends-2024/
8. Dudovskiy, J., (2011). Business Research Methodology. [Online] Available at: https://research-methodology.net/research-philosophy/interpretivism/ [Accessed 28 March 2022].
9. Ebeheakey, K. A., and Kquofi, S. (2018). Traditional Body Marks for Beautification among Selected Dangme Groups in Ghana. Asian Research Journal of Arts & Social Sciences, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.9734/ARJASS/2018/39317
10. Ellis, A. D., (2015). A Picture Is Worth One Thousand Words: Body Art in the Workplace. Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 27, 101-113. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10672-014-9254-1
11. Fedorenko, J, S., Sherlock, S, C, and Stuhr, P, L., (1999). A Body of Work: A Case Study of Tattoo Culture. Visual Arts Research, pp. 105-114. http://www.jstor.org/stable/20715974.
12. Hambly, W. (2009). The History of Tattooing. Courier Corporation.
13. Hardin, M. (1999). Marking the Objected Body: A Reading of Contemporary Female Tattooing, Fashion Theory, 3:1, 81-108. https://doi.org/10.2752/136270499779165734
14. Hobbs, T. (2022). Will Tattoo Finally be Accepted as Art? Published on 17th August. [Online] Available at: https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20220817-will-tattoos-finally-be-accepted-as-art
15. Irwin, K. (2000). Negotiating the tattoo. Patricia A. Adler e Peter Adler, Constructions of deviance: Social power, context, and Interaction. Belmont, Wadsworth, 469-479.
16. Jewell, T. (2020). Can I Dry-Heal a Tattoo Instead of Keeping It Moisturized? Published on 15th May. [Online] Available at: https://www.healthline.com/health/dry-healing-tattoo [15th May].
17. Kenney, L. (2014). Tattoo Collecting: Living Art and Artefact. Guelph, Ontario, Canada: OATD.org. http://hdl.handle.net/10214/7820
18. Mogalakwe, M., (2006). The use of documentary research methods in social research.
19. McGrath, K. (2017). When Does a Tattoo Become Art? [Online]. Available at: https://www.artsy.net/article/artsy-editorial-tattoo-art
20. Oppong, E. C., Ebeheakey, A. K., Adom, D., & Kquofi, S. (2024). Inked expressions: An appreciation of selected contemporary tattoo art among Ghanaians in Kumasi and Accra metropolises. Journal of African Art Education, 4(2), 23-45.
21. Onyeagubor, C., (2022). History of African Tattoo and Body Markings. Motivation Africa. https://www.motivation.africa/history-of-african-tattoo-and-body-markings.html
22. Park, P. (2023). Tattooing and Technology Advancements: Unveiling the Ink Revolution. Published on 12th June. [Online] Available at: https://xtremeinks.com/blogs/artists-corner/tattooing-and-technology-advancements-unveiling-the-ink-revolution
23. Rosenkilde, F., (2015). Tattoo machines, needles, and utilities. In Tattooed Skin and Health (Vol. 48, pp. 21-30). Karger Publishers.
24. Salvin, M. (2022). What happens during a tattoo consultation? https://skinsnneedles.co.uk/what-happens-during-a-tattoo-consultation/
25. Sarajlic, E., (2020). Children, culture, and body modification. Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal, 30(2), 167-190. https://doi.org/10.1353/ken.2020.0005
26. Summers, J. K., Howe, M., McElroy, J. C., Ronald Buckley, M., Pahng, P., and Cortes, M. S. (2018). A Typology of Stigma within Organisations: Access and Treatment Effects. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 39, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.2279
27. Tabackman, L., (2021). Thinking of a tattoo? Here are the most and least painful spots to get inked. https://www.businessinsider.com/guides/health/tattoo-pain-chart?r=US&IR=T [21st July].
28. Tapon, F. (2024). History of Tattoos in Africa. https://francistapon.com/Travels/Africa/history-of-tattoos-in-africa
29. Tetteh, D.L.K., Annor, F. and Abdul-Nasiru, I., (2022). Do visible body modifications influence job applicants’ perceived employability in Ghana? A quasi-experimental study. Ghana Social Science Journal, 19(2), pp.1-18.
30. Timming, A.R. and Perrett, D.I., (2017). An experimental study of the effects of tattoo genre on perceived trustworthiness: Not all tattoos are created equal. Journal of Trust Research, 7(2), pp.115-128. https://doi.org/10.1080/21515581.2017.1289847
31. Timming, A.R., (2015). Visible tattoos in the service sector: a new challenge to recruitment and selection. Work, employment and society, 29(1), pp.60-78. https://doi.org/10.1177/0950017014528402
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Christopher Oppong Effah

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).